Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
Intervertebral disc disease is most commonly a degenerative process of the spine caused by aging or trauma. The small breeds most often affected are Poodles, Dachshunds, and many others. Smaller breeds usually show signs earlier in life than large breeds such as German Shepherds and Labradors.The intervertebral discs, located between the vertebrates of the spinal column, act as shock absorbers for the spine. As an animal ages, these discs lose their resiliency, becoming rigid and brittle. A diseased disc may become displaced and exert pressure on the delicate nerve tissue of the spinal cord. This pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots causes the signs and symptoms of disc disease.SymptomsAn animal affected by disc disease may show diminished or absent sensation of the rear legs. The dog may not walk normally or support any weight on its rear legs. Occasionally, the front legs will be affected, not always in the same way. Signs of disc disease may develop gradually or very suddenly. (If a disc ruptures suddenly, the affected dog may experience a great deal of pain; for this reason, if you feel your pet may have this problem, be sure to handle him or her with great caution to avoid injury to yourself.) Other symptoms associated with this disease may include a rigid abdomen, loss of urinary control, or pain when the animal is moved.Diagnosis and TreatmentRadiographs (X-rays) of the spine may be needed to help your vet evaluate the severity of the condition, but are not always diagnostic. Early treatment will increase chances of recovery. For mild cases, steroids are sometimes given to decrease inflammation and swelling of the spinal cord. Muscle relaxants and pain-relieving medications may also be given. Severe cases may require surgery to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord.Your pet must be kept confined and quiet to prevent further injury to the spinal cord. If the dog is overweight, it should be placed on a reducing diet. Complete recovery may take weeks or even months. Good home nursing care will increase the potential for successful recovery.Consult your veterinarian if you have further questions concerning intervertebral disc disease.